A comprehensive eye exam is a thorough evaluation of an individual's visual function and eye health. It typically involves multiple tests and procedures that assess various aspects of vision and eye health, including:

1. 1. Visual Acuity Test: This test measures how well you can see from a distance and up close. It's typically done using a Snellen chart (for distance vision) or a near vision card (for reading vision).
   
   

2. 2. Refraction Test: This test helps determine the correct prescription for glasses or contact lenses, if needed. The eye doctor will use a machine called a phoropter to determine the right prescription for you.
   
   

3. 3. Pupil Function Test: This test measures how your pupils respond to light and other stimuli, which can indicate problems with the eye muscles or the nerves that control them.
   
   

4. 4. Eye Movement Test: This test evaluates the smoothness and coordination of eye movements, which can be affected by conditions such as nystagmus or strabismus.
   
   

5. 5. Eye Focusing Test: This test assesses how well your eyes can adjust focus between distant and near objects, which can be impacted by conditions like presbyopia.
   
   

6. 6. Eye Pressure Test: This test measures the pressure inside your eyes, which can be an indicator of glaucoma, a condition that can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss.
   
   

7. 7. Peripheral Vision Test: This test evaluates how well you can see things to the side, which can be impacted by both medical and ocular conditions.
   
   

8. 8. Eye Health Evaluation: The eye doctor will examine the health of the tissues inside and around your eyes, including the eyelids, conjunctiva, iris, lens, and retina.
   
   

The results of these tests will help your eye doctor determine if you have any vision or eye health problems and, if so, the best way to treat them. Comprehensive eye exams are important for maintaining good eye health and can help detect problems early, when they are most treatable.